Oxygenation Handout
Please answer all questions in your own words. No citations are needed for this assignment as the answers are located in your textbook. Please ensure your answers are brief so they will fit inside each box.
1. Describe the following cardiopulmonary terms:
| Frank Starling law | |
| Cardiac Output | |
| Cardiac Index | |
| Stroke Volume | |
| Preload | |
| Afterload | |
| ECG | |
| Normal Sinus Rhythm |
2. Explain the waves in the heart’s electrical conduction system and what they represent:
| P Wave | |
| QRS Complex | |
| QT Interval | |
| PR Interval |
3. Explain the following terms. Use table below.
| Work of breathing | |
| Ventilation | |
| Inspiration | |
| Expiration | |
| Airway Resistance |
4. What four factors affect oxygenation and ventilation?
5. What seven conditions affect chest wall movement?
6. Explain the characteristics/differences between left-sided heart failure and right-sided heart failure. How do these conditions affect efficient oxygenation? Use table below.
| Condition | Characteristics | Effects on oxygenation |
| Right sided heart failure | ||
| Left sided heart failure |
7. Explain the following impaired valvular functions: stenosis and regurgitation. How is oxygenation affected?
| Condition | Characteristics | Effect on oxygenation |
| Stenosis | ||
| Regurgitation |
8. Briefly describe the following disorders. Use table below.
| Myocardial ischemia | |
| Angina pectoris | |
| Myocardial Infarction | |
| Acute Coronary Syndrome |
9. Define/explain the following. Use table below.
| Hyperventilation | |
| Hypoventilation | |
| Atelectasis | |
| Hypoxia | |
| Cyanosis |
10. What are the differences between the following chest pains? Use table below.
| Cardiac pain | |
| Pleuritic pain | |
| Musculoskeletal pain |
11. How does cardiac function relate to respiratory function and what common assessment data supports a diagnosis of impaired cardiac and respiratory function. Use table below.
| Function | Definition | Assessment data |
| Cardiac | ||
| Respiratory |
12. How does the following affect oxygenation? Use table below.
| Fatigue | |
| Dyspnea | |
| Orthopnea | |
| Cough | |
| Wheezing |
13. Give one nursing diagnosis for a patient with alterations in oxygenation.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
14. Give two specific outcomes for maintaining patent airway.
a)_____________________________________________
b)_____________________________________________
15. Give five modalities appropriate for a patient with dyspnea.
a)____________________________________________________________________________
b)____________________________________________________________________________
c)____________________________________________________________________________
d)____________________________________________________________________________
e)____________________________________________________________________________
16. Define the following terms. Use table below.
| Hemothorax. | |
| Pneumothorax |
17. Define the following oxygen delivery methods and identify advantages and disadvantages.
| Method of delivery | Advantages | Disadvantages |
| Nasal cannula | ||
| Venturi mask | ||
| Face mask | ||
| Non-rebreather mask |
18. What are the ABCs of CPR? Briefly provide an explanation for each.
| A | |
| B | |
| C |
19. How does the following improve ventilation and oxygenation?
| Coughing | |
| Respiratory muscle training | |
| Pursed lip breathing | |
| Diaphragmatic breathing |
20. Briefly describe the following dysrhythmias?
| Sinus tachycardia | |
| Atrial fibrillation | |
| Ventricular tachycardia | |
| Ventricular fibrillation | |
| Sinus bradycardia | |
| Premature atrial contractions |
Answer the following questions and give the rationale for your answer.
21. Ventilation, perfusion, and exchange of gases are the major purposes for
A. Respiration
B. Circulation
C. Aerobic metabolism
D. Anaerobic metabolism
ANSWER AND RATIONALE
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22. Afterload refers to:
A. The resistance to left ventricular ejection.
B. The amount of blood in the left ventricle at the end of diastole.
C. The amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle each minute.
D. The amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle with each contraction.
ANSWER AND RATIONALE
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23. The movement of gases in and out of the lungs depends on:
A. 50% oxygen content in the atmospheric air.
B. The pressure gradient between the atmosphere and the alveoli.
C. The use of accessory muscles of respiration during expiration.
D. The amount of carbon dioxide dissolved in the fluid of the alveoli.
ANSWER AND RATIONALE
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24. Mr. Isaac comes to the emergency room complaining of difficulty in breathing. An objective finding associated with his dyspnea might include:
A. Feelings of heaviness in his chest.
B. Complaints of shortness of breath.
C. Use of accessory muscles of respiration.
D. Statements about a sense of impending doom.
ANSWER AND RATIONALE
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25. The use of chest physiotherapy to mobilize pulmonary secretions involves the use of
A. Hydration
B. Percussion
C. Nebulization
D. Humidification
ANSWER AND RATIONALE